This procedure should only be used under
instruction from Güralp staff.
This procedure erases the file-system of the Affinity.
All configuration will be lost and the unit will need to
be reconfigured afterwards. If possible, please ensure that you have
downloaded a
configuration save-file
To obtain a configuration save-file using the web interface,
select the
Configuration → Save/Restore menu item.
In the resulting page, click the Download copy
button next to the last Automatic backup or, if none are present,
click the Back up current configuration
button to create a new configuration file and then download it.
To obtain a configuration save-file from the command line,
log in and enter the command
config-backup --backup file-name
This will create a file file-name which
you can then download.
If neither of these methods work (perhaps because a file-system has
been remounted read-only), try using scp -p
to copy all files from /var/lib/config-backup.auto/
and then keep the most recent.
before proceeding.
This procedure relies on network access to an upgrade
server. Please ensure that you have access to any relevant information
about your network before proceeding. In particular, if you do not use
DHCP, you will need to know a valid IP address to use and the addresses of
the network's default router and DNS server.
This procedure applies to Affinity digitisers only.
Affinity Firmware Recovery
This procedure re-formats the file-systems and reloads the operating system.
The system serial number and calibration values for the internal ADCs are
retained but all other configuration is lost. This procedure should only be
used when other recovery avenues have been exhausted. In case of any doubt,
please stop and contact for advice.
Preparation
Equipment required:
A laptop or PC with either a free 9-pin serial port or
a free USB socket.
under Linux: a copy of minicom (included in most Linux
distributions).
A network with access to the public Internet.
A network cable for the Affinity, part number CAS-AFF-0004. (Part number
CAS-DCM-0002 can also be used for this purpose.)
GPIO/Console cable. Either:
Part number CAS-AFF-0005: A 12-way military-specification
bayonet to USB Type A plug with built in RS232↔USB adapter;
or
Part number CAS-DCM-0036, a 12-way military-specification bayonet
to DE9f. (This can be used in conjunction with an external RS232↔USB
adapter if the laptop or PC does not have a 9-pin serial port.)
Note that the GPIO/USB cable part number CAS-DCM-0044
cannot be used for this purpose.
Physical access to the Affinity will be required.
Your choice of Terminal Emulator
Preparing the user-programmable function keys
The procedure requires some text to be entered very quickly. The simplest
way to achieve this is to configure the user-programmable function keys in
the terminal emulator to generate the required strings. To do this:
Open minicom and key Ctrl + A then Z O
to open the configuration dialogue:
Welcome to minicom 2.7.1
OPTIONS: I18n
Compiled on Dec 23 2019, 02:06:26.
Port /dev/ttyUSB0, 12:06:31
Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys
+-----[configuration]------+
| Filenames and paths |
| File transfer protocols |
| Serial port setup |
| Modem and dialing |
| Screen and keyboard |
| Save setup as dfl |
| Save setup as.. |
| Exit |
+--------------------------+
Use the down key to move the cursor to Screen and keyboard and then key Enter. The following screen is displayed:
Welcome to min+-----------------[Screen and keyboard]-----------------+
| A - Command key is : ^A |
OPTIONS: I18n | B - Backspace key sends : BS |
Compiled on De| C - Status line is : enabled |
Port /dev/ttyU| D - Alarm sound : Yes |
| E - Foreground Color (menu): WHITE |
Press CTRL-A Z| F - Background Color (menu): BLACK |
| G - Foreground Color (term): WHITE |
+-| H - Background Color (term): BLACK |
| | I - Foreground Color (stat): WHITE |
| | J - Background Color (stat): BLACK |
| | K - History Buffer Size : 2000 |
| | L - Macros file : .macros |
| | M - Edit Macros |
| | N - Macros enabled : Yes |
| | O - Character conversion : |
| | P - Add linefeed : No |
+-| Q - Local echo : No |
| R - Line Wrap : No |
| S - Hex Display : No |
| T - Add carriage return : No |
| Change which setting? (Esc to exit) |
+-------------------------------------------------------+|
Key M to open the Edit Macros page:
Welcome to min+-----------------[Screen and keyboard]-----------------+
| A - Command key is : ^A |
OPTIONS: I18n | B - Backspace key sends : BS |
Compiled on De| C - Status line is : enabled |
Po+---------------------------[F1 to F10 Macros]----------------------------+
| |
Pr| 1 : |
| 2 : |
| 3 : |
| 4 : |
| 5 : |
| 6 : |
| 7 : |
| 8 : |
| 9 : |
| A : |
| |
| Change which setting? (Esc to exit) |
| |
| (LEGEND: ^M = C-M, ^L = C-L, ^G = C-G, ^R = C-R, ^~ = pause 1 second, |
| \u = username, \p = password, \\ = \, \e = toggle echo, |
| \l = toggle LF, \bX1..Xn = change baud rate. Example: "\beq " |
| = 115200 8N1. (See the "Comm Parameters" menu for valid values of X.))|
Program three function keys:
Program the F2 key by keying
2 followed by
fishsoupEnter
Program the F3 key by keying
3 followed by
setenv bootargs "quiet service"^MEnter
Program the F4 key by keying
4 followed by
run nor_boot^MEnter
The characters ^M in
the entries above should be entered literally using the
shift + 6 and M keys.
The result should look like this:
Welcome to min+-----------------[Screen and keyboard]-----------------+
| A - Command key is : ^A |
OPTIONS: I18n | B - Backspace key sends : BS |
Compiled on De| C - Status line is : enabled |
Po+---------------------------[F1 to F10 Macros]----------------------------+
| |
Pr| 1 : |
| 2 : fishsoup |
| 3 : setenv bootargs "quiet service"^M |
| 4 : run nor_boot^M |
| 5 : |
| 6 : |
| 7 : |
| 8 : |
| 9 : |
| A : |
| |
| Change which setting? (Esc to exit) |
| |
| (LEGEND: ^M = C-M, ^L = C-L, ^G = C-G, ^R = C-R, ^~ = pause 1 second, |
| \u = username, \p = password, \\ = \, \e = toggle echo, |
| \l = toggle LF, \bX1..Xn = change baud rate. Example: "\beq " |
| = 115200 8N1. (See the "Comm Parameters" menu for valid values of X.))|
Key Esc Esc Esc to return the emulator's main screen.
Open Scream and select _File → S_ave Program
State. Note the location of the scream.ini
file, as shown in the resulting dialogue box:
Close Scream and then open scream.ini in your
favourite text editor. (Güralp recommend
Notepad++Notepad++ is a free (both as in “free speech” and
also as in “free beer”) and highly-recommended text-editor, source-code
editor and Notepad replacement that supports
several languages. It can be downloaded from
The Notepad++ web site.. under Windows or gedit
if running under Linux.)
Locate the section marked [SoftKeys]. If you have
never used Scream's programmable function keys, the entries in this section
will all have null right-hand sides (after the '=' signs). If this is not the
case, make a note of the current values before proceeding.
If your PC/laptop has a serial port, it should be labelled as COM1
or COM2. If you are using a USB-to-serial adaptor, you need to
identify which COM port is allocated to it. To to this:
Open Windows Device Manager, scroll down to the "Ports (COM and
LPT)" sub-tree and click the right-arrow next to it
()
to open and expand the sub-tree. Plug in the USB-to-serial adaptor: within a
second or so, you should see an extra item appear. Note the COM port number
allocated to this new entry. In the example below, it is
COM7, labelled "USB Serial Port (COM7)".
Plug in the USB-to-serial adaptor, wait a second and then run the command
dmesg. Near the end of the output, you should see lines like
[7763072.980999] usb 1-10.1: new full-speed USB device number 105 using xhci_hcd
[7763073.099117] usb 1-10.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0403, idProduct=6001, bcdDevice= 6.00
[7763073.099121] usb 1-10.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[7763073.099122] usb 1-10.1: Product: USB-RS232 Cable
[7763073.099123] usb 1-10.1: Manufacturer: FTDI
[7763073.099124] usb 1-10.1: SerialNumber: FT1JN6FL
[7763073.106809] ftdi_sio 1-10.1:1.0: FTDI USB Serial Device converter detected
[7763073.106824] usb 1-10.1: Detected FT232RL
[7763073.107206] usb 1-10.1: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB1
Note the device-name - ttyUSB1 in the example above - and
add 64 to the number seen. The result is the port number as displayed in Scream.
You may have to add the user running this procedure
to the dialout group before you can access
a USB serial port on some Linux distributions.
Configuring the emulator
If you are using a USB-to-serial adaptor, ensure that it is plugged in.
Open minicom and key Ctrl + A then Z O
to open the configuration menu:
Welcome to minicom 2.7.1
OPTIONS: I18n
Compiled on Dec 23 2019, 02:06:26.
Port /dev/ttyUSB0, 12:06:31
Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys
+-----[configuration]------+
| Filenames and paths |
| File transfer protocols |
| Serial port setup |
| Modem and dialing |
| Screen and keyboard |
| Save setup as dfl |
| Save setup as.. |
| Exit |
+--------------------------+
Use the down key to move the cursor to
Serial port setup and then key
Enter. The following screen is displayed:
Welcome to minicom 2.7.1
OPTI+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
Comp| A - Serial Device : /dev/ttyUSB0 |
Port| B - Lockfile Location : /var/lock |
| C - Callin Program : |
Pres| D - Callout Program : |
| E - Bps/Par/Bits : 115200 8N1 |
| F - Hardware Flow Control : No |
| G - Software Flow Control : No |
| |
| Change which setting? |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Screen and keyboard |
| Save setup as dfl |
| Save setup as.. |
| Exit |
+--------------------------+
Use the keys A, E,
F and G to select
the correct serial port, as determined above, and to configure it for operation
at 115200 Baud, with eight data bits, no parity bit and one stop bit. All
flow control should be disabled, as shown in the screenshot above.
Key Esc Esc to return the emulator's main screen.
Open Scream and select _File → _Setup from the
main menu. Select the "Com Ports" tab of the dialogue. Locate the entry
corresponding to the connection to your Affinity, set the Baud rate to 115,200
and clear all the check-boxes, as shown:
Now double-click the number at the left-hand end of the relevant row. Scream's
Terminal Emulator window will open.
Booting into the service environment
Apply power to the Affinity. Around 15 lines of output will appear almost
immediately, as shown below, ending with the line
Enter enable string to access bootloader:
OK-1
OK-2
Booting with TI UBL
Device OPP (300MHz, 1.2V)
U-Boot 2013.07-00008-g34e445c-dirty (Jan 26 2015 - 14:56:42)
I2C: ready
DRAM: 128 MiB
NAND: 1024 MiB
MMC: davinci: 0
SF: Detected M25P64 with page size 64 KiB, total 8 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: DaVinci-EMAC
Enter enable string to access bootloader
As soon as you see this, key f2. This
will automatically type the correct "enable string", although it will not be
echoed to the screen.
Wait half a second and then key f3. Wait
another half second and then key f4. These two
keystrokes send commands which configure the boot-loader and then instruct the
Affinity to boot in service mode.
The Affinity will generate some output as it boots, ending with:
Enter enable string to access bootloader
=> setenv bootargs "quiet service"
=> run nor_boot
SF: Detected M25P64 with page size 64 KiB, total 8 MiB
SF: 7340032 bytes @ 0x100000 Read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at c0700000 ...
Image Name: Linux-3.10.0cmg-das+
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 5595816 Bytes = 5.3 MiB
Load Address: c0008000
Entry Point: c0008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
[ 1.039886] serial8250 serial8250.0: unable to register port at index 0 (IO0
MEM1c42000 IRQ25): -22
Service mode. Press enter to log in.
The error message serial8250.0: unable to
register port at index 0 is expected and is not a problem.
Immediately key enter and the system will print
the service prompt:
service / #
If you are returned to the prompt
Enter enable string to access bootloader,
repeat the f2,
f3, f4
sequence. If you are repeatedly returned to this prompt, stop and
contact for advice.
If you do not see this output, power-cycle the Affinity and
try again. The most common problem is not reacting quickly enough to the
prompts.
Set up networking
The procedure requires access to the public Internet, so we need first
to enable networking in the service environment. It is necessary to configure
both the software loop-back adaptor, lo, and the
physical adaptor, eth0.
To configure the loop-back adaptor, enter the following commands:
ip address add dev lo 127.0.0.1/8
ip link set lo up
ip route add 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1
The required configuration for eth0 depends on
whether you use DHCP
on your local network or not.
If you use DHCP to configure your network,
run:
ip link set eth0 up
udhcpc -s /sbin/udhcpc-script -n -i eth0
If you are not using DHCP and need to assign your
networking parameters statically, find the correct values and then run:
ip link set eth0 up
ip address add dev eth0 192.0.2.2/24
ip route add default via 192.0.2.1
echo "nameserver 1.1.1.1" > /etc/resolv.conf
replacing…
192.0.2.2/24 with the desired IP address in
CIDRCIDR stands for
Classless
Inter-
Domain
Routing
notation, which has replaced the old
classful-address+netmask notation since 1993. In CIDR
notation, the I.P. address is followed by a solidus
('/') and one or two decimal
digits. These digits specify how many bits of the I.P.
address are used to determine the network address, with
the remaining bits being used to determine the host
address on the given network. For example, an
old-style Class C address, which would have had a
netmask of 255.255.255.0, is now be referred to as a
/24 address. For more
information, please see
Wikipedia's
CIDR page.
notation;
192.0.2.1 with the IP address of
your default router; and
1.1.1.1 with the IP address of a
suitable DNS server. Most people can use
1.1.1.1 (operated by Cloudflare)
for this purpose but, if it is blocked in your jurisdiction,
search the Internet for free public DNS servers for a list of other suitable
addresses.
Set system date
The date must be set to something sensible because, otherwise, files will
have incorrect modification times and this will cause various malfunctions.
Enter the command date to check the system's idea of
the current date. If the date shown as output is not correct, enter
the command
date mmddHHMMYYYY
replacing…
mm with the Month (01 to 12);
dd with the Day (01 to 31);
HH with the Hour (00 to 23);
MM with the Minute (00 to 59); and
YYYY with the Year (2011 upwards)
The date and time should be entered in
UTC,
regardless of your current time zone.
i.e.…
Perform the reformat
Now run the following commands:
wget http://www.guralp.com/platinum/AftReformat.sh
sh AftReformat.sh
This will reformat the root, usr and var partitions and perform a
preliminary reload of the Platinum operating system. When the script is
complete, it will print the following banner:
===================================================
=== Please power-cycle the Affinity to continue ===
===================================================
Power-cycle the Affinity and allow it to boot. This will take longer than
normal and there will be some unusual error messages, which can be ignored.
Wait until you see the message System setup complete
and then log in using the user-name root and password
.
Once logged in, enter the commands
upgrade --force-factory-settings
reboot
Allow the Affinity to boot again. This will, again, take longer than
normal. Wait until you see the message System setup
complete and log in again using the same credentials as last time.
Once logged in, using either the web interface or the command line, change the
root password to something secure. From the web interface, visit
Change password from the
User: root menu.
If you prefer the command line, use the command passwd
and follow the prompts.
Do not connect the unit to the Internet without first
changing the root password. Strong passwords are essential for
Internet-connected systems.
You can now proceed to load your saved configuration or, if you do not have a saved
configuration, reconfigure the Affinity manually as required.
This procedure applies to Affinity digitisers only.
)
to open and expand the sub-tree. Plug in the USB-to-serial adaptor: within a
second or so, you should see an extra item appear. Note the COM port number
allocated to this new entry. In the example below, it is
COM7, labelled "USB Serial Port (COM7)".
